PM Modi conferred Brazil's highest civilian award- Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred with Brazil’s highest civilian honour — the Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross. This marks the 26th international award received by Prime Minister Modi since he assumed office in May 2014. The award was presented by Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in recognition of PM Modi’s contributions to strengthening bilateral ties and advancing India–Brazil cooperation across major global platforms.

Established in 1822 by Emperor Pedro I, the National Order of the Southern Cross (Ordem Nacional do Cruzeiro do Sul) is Brazil’s highest honor bestowed exclusively upon foreign nationals. It recognizes individuals who have rendered exceptional service to Brazil or made significant contributions to strengthening Brazil’s international relations. The Grand Collar is the most distinguished rank within the order.

Over the years, the Grand Collar has been awarded to numerous eminent global leaders, including former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Queen Elizabeth II, Pope John Paul II, former French President Charles de Gaulle, former Argentine President Juan Perón, former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, former Spanish King Juan Carlos I, Chinese President Xi Jinping, and Russian President Vladimir Putin.

GenomeIndia

Government of India committed to fostering sustainable development through democratizing and disseminating this national genetic resource knowledge

The ‘GENOMEINDIA’, funded by the Department of Biotechnology of the Central Government has completed whole genome sequencing (WGS) database of over 10,000 individuals representing all major population groups, across the country. GenomeIndia data represents Government of India's commitment to scientific inquiry and is poised to reshape health and science in India and beyond, fostering sustainable development through democratizing and disseminating this national genetic resource knowledge.

The result oriented cumulative proactive actions taken by the Department towards setting up of IBDC, release of Biotech PRIDE Guidelines, formulation of FeED Protocols, transfer and storage of GenomeIndia Data in IBDC; followed by the announcements by the highest leaderships in the country indicate strong determination of the Government for sharing of this data with our researchers to analyze critical information, accelerating discoveries and advancements in biological sciences.

For the first time in the country, the department has established the Indian Biological Data Center (IBDC) in March 2020 with 96 TF computing capacity using 2912 CPUs, 39 TB of RAM, 865 TF computing capacity using 64 GPUs, 4 PB of parallel file system with the capability of writing 100GB of data every second and 1.5 PB of disk and tape to store backup copy of data. The Department has released the Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines, 2021 followed by formulation of ‘Framework for Exchange of Data (FeED) Protocols’ for responsible data sharing.

On 9th January 2025, during the ‘Genomics Data Conclave’, the 'GenomeIndia Data' was dedicated to the researchers by Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India. The Prime Minister stated that this national database encapsulates the extraordinary genetic landscape of India and will serve as an invaluable scientific resource to boost genetic and medical research for human health. Further, during the address to the nation on the evening of 25th January, 2025, Her Excellency, Smt. Draupadi Murmu, President of India said that GenomeIndia project marks a significant chapter in the history of Indian Science.

The department also announced the ‘Call for Proposals’ from researchers to exploit the opportunities of translational research using GenomeIndia data. To address the queries of the researchers, the Department issued the addendum mentioning the types and category of data that will be available for research, also “associated phenotype data” will be shared. It is clarified that access to GenomeIndia data is not limited to the ‘Call’ but independent requests for data access are being received by IBDC, under the ambit of Biotech PRIDE Guidelines and FeED Protocols.

As on date, this National Resource generated under the GenomeIndia project comprises of Fastq files of 9772 samples (~700 TB), gvcfs: 9772 (~35 TB), phenotypic data from 9330 samples and Joint call files (~3.5 TB) and is archived at IBDC, the National Repository.

To brief about the issue of phenotype data as mentioned in one of the news articles in a leading newspaper, it is stated here that curation and cleaning up of phenotypic data was performed on 9772 samples which underwent WGS and were used in joint calling. Out of these 9772 samples, phenotypic data from 9330 samples could be used because the data available for the rest of the samples (numbering 442) was not usable. Many phenotypic parameters had very high levels of missingness, so the data for the top 27 variables for 9330 samples is available for research. These 27 variables are Albumin, Alkaline_Phosphatase, ALT_SGPT, AST_SGOT, Basophils, Cholesterol, Creatinine, Direct_Bilirubin, Eosinophils, FBS_Fasting_Blood_Glucose, HB_Haemoglobin, HbA1C_Glycosylated_Haemoglobin, HDL, Indirect_Bilirubin, LDL, Lymphocytes, MCH_Mean_Corpuscular_Hb, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelet_Count, Protein, RBC_Red_Blood_Cell_Count, RBS, Total_Bilirubin, Triglycerides, Urea, WBC_Total_White_Blood_Cell_Count. The anthropometry data such as: Age, Gender, Height, Weight, Body Fat is also available.

Further, some of the news articles have also raised concern about making ‘No Access’ for FASTQ files. It is pertinent to mention here that the total size of FASTQ files is approximately 700 TB. The logistical and technical challenges of transferring these files are enormous. It is difficult to ensure the completeness and sanctity of downloads by requesters. Analyzing raw sequencing files often demands two- to three-times more computational capacity, leading to redundant workflows and wasted infrastructure at the national level. By providing equitable access to gVCF files (which amounts to ~35 TB) instead, data can be shared more quickly and computational resources conserved. The international leading data banks established for more than 2 decades also does not allow the downloading of data; data is provided by their cloud platform. Hence, ‘No Access’ to FASTQ files in the department’s ‘Call’ means that these files will not be available for download at present. This policy is in line with other global consortia. As IBDC will grow and expand in future, similar provisions may be incorporated.

Source: pib.gov.in

PM Modi conferred Trinidad and Tobago’s highest honour

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred with ‘The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago’—the nation’s highest civilian honour. 

The award was presented by Her Excellency Christine Carla Kangaloo, President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. PM Modi is the first foreign leader to receive this prestigious recognition. He was honoured for his statesmanship, his strong advocacy for the Global South, and for significantly strengthening the bilateral relationship between India and Trinidad and Tobago.

Cabinet approves Caste enumeration in the upcoming Census

Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has decided to include caste enumeration in the upcoming census. This demonstrates that the present government is committed to the holistic interests and values of the nation and society.

As per Article 246 of the Constitution of India, Census is a union subject listed at 69 in the Union List in the Seventh Schedule. While some states have conducted surveys to enumerate castes, these surveys have varied in transparency and intent, with some conducted purely from a political angle, creating doubts in society. Considering all these circumstances, and to ensure that our social fabric does not come under political pressure, it has been decided that caste enumeration should be included in the main census instead of being conducted as a separate survey.

This will ensure that society becomes stronger economically and socially, and the country’s progress continues without hindrance. It is noteworthy that when a provision of 10 percent reservation was made for the economically weaker sections of society, it did not create tension in any section of society.

Caste was excluded from all census operations conducted since independence. In 2010, then Prime Minister Late Dr. Manmohan Singh assured the Lok Sabha that the matter of caste census would be considered in the Cabinet. A Group of Ministers was formed to deliberate on this subject, and most political parties recommended conducting a caste census. Despite this, the previous government opted for a survey instead of a caste census, known as the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC).

Dr. Mangi Lal Jat takes charge as Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR

Dr. Mangi Lal Jat, a distinguished Agronomist, has assumed charge today as the Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) and Director General (DG) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in its notification last week, named Dr Jat as the new Secretary of DARE and Director General of ICAR, for period of three years. Prior to this he was serving as Deputy Director General (Research) and Director of the Global Research Program at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad.

Dr. Jat, a globally respected figure in sustainable agriculture, brings over 25 years of rich experience in agronomy, climate-resilient farming, and conservation agriculture. His appointment is expected to catalyze a new era of innovation, sustainability, and farmer-first research within ICAR and the broader agricultural ecosystem. An alumnus of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, Dr. Jat holds a Ph.D. in Agronomy with a specialization in soil moisture conservation in rain-fed pearl millet—a critical area for food security in arid regions. His pioneering research has shaped sustainable intensification strategies for smallholder farmers across Asia and Africa, contributing to global efforts on food system resilience.

With an impressive portfolio of over 350 peer-reviewed publications, Dr. Jat has held key leadership positions at ICRISAT, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), besides 12 years at ICAR as Systems Agronomist. He has championed climate-smart technologies, regenerative farming practices, and digital innovations in agriculture, influencing agricultural policies and practices across continents. Dr. Jat has held key roles with several prominent national and international organizations, including the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Society of Precision Agriculture (ISPA). A Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), he has been honored with numerous accolades throughout his career, notably the Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award, one of ICAR’s highest recognitions for excellence in agricultural research. As he steps into this dual leadership role, Dr. Jat is poised to guide ICAR in addressing pressing challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and food system transformation. His vision aligns with India’s commitment to sustainable development, precision farming, and ensuring nutritional security for its vast population.

Mizoram Achieves Full Functional Literacy

Hon’ble Chief Minister of Mizoram, Shri Lalduhoma on Tuesday, 20th May 2025, officially declared Mizoram a fully literate state, marking a historic milestone in the state’s educational journey. With this achievement, Mizoram becomes the first state in India to attain full literacy.

The announcement was made during a special function held in Aizawl, the state capital, in the esteemed presence of Shri Jayant Chaudhary, Hon’ble Minister of State (Independent Charge), Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Education, Government of India, Dr. Vanlalthlana, Hon’ble Minister of School Education, Higher & Technical Education, Mizoram, Shri Khilli Ram Meena, IAS, Chief Secretary to the Government of Mizoram, Shri David Lalthantluanga, Special Secretary, School Education Department, Government of Mizoram, State dignitaries, officials, and students of Mizoram University.

Mizoram, which attained statehood on 20th February 1987, spans a geographical area of 21,081 km² (8,139 sq mi). As per the 2011 Census, it recorded a literacy rate of 91.33%, ranking third in India. Building on this strong foundation, the ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram (New India Literacy Programme) was implemented to identify and educate the remaining non-literate individuals.

A door-to-door survey conducted by Cluster Resource Centre Coordinators (CRCCs) across the state in August–September 2023 identified 3,026 non-literates. Out of these, 1,692 learners were actively engaged in teaching-learning activities. By this account, Mizoram had crossed the full literacy mark, i.e., above 95% literacy rate (to be considered equivalent to Full literacy) as defined by Ministry of Education, Govt. of India. As per PFLS survey for 2023-24 also, the literacy rate of Mizoram is 98.20%.

In a remarkable display of community spirit, 292 volunteer teachers—including students, educators, resource persons, and CRCCs—came forward to lead this initiative. Guided by a profound sense of duty (Kartavya Bodh) and the Mizo cultural value, these volunteers played a crucial role in achieving full literacy.

The celebratory event, hosted at the Auditorium of Mizoram University in Aizawl, stands as a powerful testament to the collaborative efforts of the people and government of Mizoram in advancing inclusive education and empowering every citizen through literacy.

ULLAS - Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram or New India Literacy Programme (NILP) is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented from 2022-2027. The scheme, aligned with NEP 2020, targets adults (aged 15 years and above) who couldn’t go to school. The scheme has five components- Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, Critical Life Skills, Basic Education, Vocational Skills and Continuing Education. The vision of the ULLAS Scheme is to make Bharat - Jan Jan Saakshar and is based on the spirit of Kartavya Bodh and is being implemented on volunteerism. Under ULLAS scheme more than 1.77 crore learners (neo literates) have appeared in the Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT) till now across the country. More than 2.37 crore learners and 40.84 lakh volunteer teachers have been registered on the ULLAS Mobile app. Earlier, on 24.06.2024, Ladakh became the first administrative unit to declare full literacy.

India Celebrates Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Awarded to Large Hadron Collider Experiments

The 2025 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics is awarded to co-authors of publications based on CERN’s Large Hadron Collider Run-2 data released between 2015 and July 15, 2024, at the experimental collaborations ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb. The $3 million prize is allocated to these four experiments at CERN and will be used by the collaborations to offer grants for doctoral students from member institutes to spend research time at CERN, giving the students experience working at the forefront of science and new expertise to bring back to their home countries and regions. 5,345 researchers were involved in ATLAS; while 4,550 researchers in CMS; 1,869 researchers in ALICE; and 1,744 researchers were involved in LHCb.

Indian scientists and researchers have played a significant role in the international collaboration for the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) and the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiments. Several Indian institutes, universities, and scientists have contributed both intellectually and technically to the experiment’s success. From detector development to data analysis, various teams of Indian researchers have been actively involved at every stage of the experiments, right from their inception. These contributions underscore India's commitment to global scientific collaboration and its pivotal role in the success of the LHC experiments.

This prestigious award honours the collaborative and transformative research efforts that deepened our understanding of the Higgs boson, the quark-gluon plasma, matter-antimatter asymmetry, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Scientific teams belonging to several institutes from across the world have been working in a collaborative manner to achieve the objectives of the CERN experiments. India, a committed and active partner in the LHC program, proudly acknowledges this international recognition and celebrates its significant contributions to the experiments and the LHC infrastructure.

About the Large Hadron Collider(LHC)

Operated by CERN, the Large Hadron Collider is the world’s most powerful particle accelerator, enabling high-energy proton and heavy-ion collisions to explore the structure of matter at the smallest scales.

India’s involvement with CERN dates back to the 1960s, when scientists from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) visited CERN to expose emulsion stacks to pion, kaon and proton beams utilizing the CERN Proton Synchrotron. Later, during the 1980s there was contribution towards hardware and core-software for the L3 – one of the four large experiments in the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) and significant contributions in the areas of Z-line shape (related to Neutron, Proton ratio in nuclei) and new particle searches. In the 1990s, the collaboration expanded into heavy ion physics, with Indian groups contributing a scintillator-pad-based photon multiplicity detector. Indian teams played key roles in the WA93 and WA98 experiments at CERN-SPS, achieving early measurements of collective flow and exploring disoriented chiral condensates.

In 1991, India (DAE) signed a cooperation agreement with CERN for development of Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Research Projects of CERN, with a formal cooperation agreement signed in 1991. This was further strengthened by a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed in 2009, laying the groundwork for expanded collaboration in accelerator technology, detector R&D, computing infrastructure, and human resource training. The agreement also facilitates joint research and greater Indian participation in CERN’s long-term projects.

In recognition of the significant Indian contributions towards the LHC project, India was awarded the “Observer” status in 2002 and finally, India became an Associate Member State of CERN in 2017. India has been a committed and active partner in the LHC program of CERN and proudly acknowledges this international recognition while celebrating its significant contributions to the experiments and the LHC infrastructure.

As a testament to the long-standing scientific collaboration between India and CERN, in June 2004, India gifted a 2m tall statue of the Indian deity Shiva Nataraja, the Lord of Dance to CERN. In choosing the image of Shiva Nataraja, the Indian government acknowledged the profound significance of the metaphor of Shiva’s dance, drawn by Carl Sagan for the cosmic dance of subatomic particles, which is observed and analysed by CERN’s physicists. This statue is a standing example of the fusion of technology with cultural traditions. A quote of the world-renowned physicist, Fritj of Capra is inscribed on a plaque alongside the statue which reads as, “Hundreds of years ago, Indian artists created visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most advanced technology to portray the patterns of the cosmic dance. The metaphor of the cosmic dance thus unifies ancient mythology, religious art and modern physics.”

India's involvement in Large Hadron Collider(LHC)

India’s involvement spans all layers of the LHC program—from accelerator technology to major physics experiments—through national support from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST). India actively participates in the governance and decision-making processes for various experiments being conducted and planned at CERN. Indian scientists and institutions are also represented on prominent CERN boards and committees, including Research and Resources Board (RRB), Advisory Committee of CERN Users (ACCU) and Scientific Council.

The ALICE collaboration in India includes VECC-Kolkata, SINP-Kolkata, IOP-Bhubaneswar, Aligarh Muslim University, IIT-Mumbai, Panjab University, University of Jammu, University of Rajasthan (till 2021), Bose Institute, Guwahati University, Jadavpur University, NISER-Bhubaneswar, IIT-Indore, Coochbehar Panchanan Barma University, IISER-Berhampur and University of Kashmir.

The CMS collaboration in India includes Delhi University, Institute of Physics, IISc Bengaluru, IISER-Pune, Panjab University, UIET- Panjab, IIT-Bhubaneswar, IIT-Chennai, BARC-Mumbai, NISER-Bhubaneswar, PAU-Ludhiana, SINP-Kolkata, TIFR-Mumbai, IIT-Hyderabad, IIT-Kanpur, IIT-Mandi, IISER-Mohali, Visva-Bharati University, UoH-Hyderabad, BIT-Mesra, Amity University and BN Mondal University- Madhepura, Bihar.

Indian teams from BARC, Mumbai and RRCAT, Indore have contributed significantly to the construction of LHC that includes high-precision components for cryogenics, superconducting magnets, and beam instrumentation, design and fabrication of collimators, vacuum chambers, and radio-frequency systems. These contributions enabled stable and high-energy collisions essential for the discoveries recognized by the Breakthrough Prize.

Indian team in ALICE have played pivotal leadership roles in the ALICE collaboration, particularly in the areas of detector design and data analysis. Indian scientists designed and constructed and commissioned ingeniously the Photon Multiplicity Detector (PMD) and Muon Spectrometer, vital for studies of quark gluon plasma. They led key analyses on event –by-event fluctuations, resonance production, collective flow, and heavy-flavour production.

The CMS Indian team contributed significantly to design the trigger and data acquisition systems, and provided critical components such as Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), Silicon Preshower Detector, and Hadron Outer (HO) Calorimeter. The team led important studies in Higgs boson searches, top-quark, flavor physics, electroweak measurements, supersymmetry, and other BSM (beyond Standard Model) searches, while supporting Tier-2 data processing for global collaboration.

India has also played a vital role in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG)—a global network that processes and analyses the vast data generated by LHC experiments. Indian Tier-2 centres, notably at TIFR Mumbai and VECC Kolkata, have been central to providing computing and storage resources: WLCG-India hosts 17400 cores computing and 12 PB of storage having supported over 17.5 million ALICE jobs in 15 years. Indian scientists also contributed to software and tools used across the grid, such as GRIDVIEW (monitoring) and SHIVA (problem tracking), contributing over 1,000 person-months of effort during key development phases.

Large number of Indian students are trained annually through active participation in ALICE and CMS experiments, including on-site work at CERN. They gain exposure to advanced instrumentation, scientific computing, international collaboration, and frontier of physics research. India’s engagement during LHC Run 2 has led to more than 110 Ph.D. theses and more than 130 publications in peer-reviewed journal papers based on ALICE and CMS data. Indian Scientists plays important leadership in physics analysis, detector R&D, and machine learning applications.

“This recognition from the Breakthrough Prize Foundation is a tribute to decades of scientific perseverance and international unity. India’s researchers, students, and engineers have been proud partners in this discovery journey,” said, Dr. A.K. Mohanty, Chairman Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy.

Prof. Abhay Karandikar, Secretary, Department of Science and Technology noted that the Indian researchers have contributed profoundly towards LHC experiments. While congratulating the team, he mentioned that “the Breakthrough Science Award 2025 for these experiments establishes the prominence of Indian S&T contribution and their role in furthering the fundamental research”.

India is now gearing up to contribute to the p-type Silicon based Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) detector in ALICE—that will enable precision measurements of direct photons and neutral pions at forward rapidities, unlocking new windows to know the structure of protons and nuclei. Indian team is contributing significantly to the CMS Phase-2 upgrade in four subdetector components, namely, Outer Tracker (OT), Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), High Granular Calorimeter (HGCAL), and Trigger system. These upgraded detectors are essential for high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) experimental running conditions, which is aimed at achieving precision physics results and looking for physics beyond Standard Model.

The Breakthrough Science Award 2025 is a shared honour—celebrating not just the ALICE and CMS collaboration but the spirit of international science, powered by dedicated individuals and visionary support systems. As ALICE and CMS enters a new era, India stands proudly as both a contributor and a beneficiary—fuelling discoveries that may forever reshape our understanding of the universe.

Source: pib.gov.in